Implementations

Below is information regarding our Generation PMTO sites and projects.

Sites

  • Norway
  • Iceland
  • Michigan
  • Netherlands
  • Detroit
  • Denmark
  • Kansas
  • New York City
  • British Columbia
  • Chile
  • Oregon
  • Maryland
  • Chicago
  • London
  • Minnesota

Norway

PMTO Norway

(Initiated 1999)

This, the first implementation of GenerationPMTO, was initiated in 1999 and supported by two Norwegian Ministries: Family and Children Affairs and Social and Health Affairs. The collaboration between the Norwegian and ISII teams contributed to the structure and process of the full transfer approach employed in future GenerationPMTO implementations. The Norwegian government established the Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development (NUBU)  to ensure effective integration of intervention and research. The center has been vital in building and maintaining implementation infrastructure for evidence-based programs in Norway and conducting research on multiple adaptations of the program.

The implementation was conducted nationwide in child welfare and child mental community clinics with 34 community practitioners certified as PMTO Specialists in 2001 to form the first generation of this full transfer program. In 2014, there were over 600 registered PMTO practitioners in more than 300 workplaces throughout the nation. By 2017, the Norwegian team had trained seven generations of clinicians, with a 94% rate of certification (Askeland, Forgatch, Apeland, Reer, & Grønlie, 2019). Services provided to families include individual family treatment, parent groups (PTC), a prevention program (TIBIR), and telehealth delivery. The community of PMTO professionals is led by the National Implementation Team (NIT), composed of select leaders representing all regions in the nation. The NIT serves as the kingpin for implementation of Norwegian GenerationPMTO and continues to train its own leaders, trainers, coaches, and fidelity raters for future generations.  Norway PMTO and NUBU, its research center in Oslo, continues to innovate and produce peer-reviewed research articles about the effects of PMTO in Norway. Additionally, Norway PMTO participates as one of the European SPARE project sites.

Research includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the individual family format, parent groups, brief parent training, and a program providing services to the ethnic minorities of immigrant Somali and Pakistani mothers in Norway (Askeland et al., 2019; Hagen, Ogden, & Bjørnebekk, 2011; Kjøbli, Hukkelberg, & Ogden, 2013; Terje Ogden, Forgatch, Askeland, Patterson, & Bullock, 2005) (Kjøbli & Ogden, 2012;(Bjørknes, Kjøbli, Manger, & Jakobsen, 2012). The research team has also conducted several methodological studies (e.g.,(Bjørnebekk, Kjøbli, & Ogden, 2015; Hukkelberg & Ogden, 2013; Terje  Ogden et al., 2012; Tømmeraas & Ogden, 2017).  

Iceland

(Initiated 2002) In 2002, Iceland’s first 2 PMTO specialists were trained by ISII and completed certification; since then practitioners have been trained in several PMTO formats and infrastructure roles (coaching, training, fidelity monitoring). Over the years, dozens of certified therapists and leaders have delivered PMTO and PTC groups, hundreds of professionals have been trained in PMTO Brief, and thousands of families have been served by PMTO in both child mental health and child welfare community agencies. PMTO materials, manuals, and graphics have been translated and culturally adapted from English to Icelandic. Research completed just seven years after initial implementation showed that schools receiving PMTO services reported a 31% decrease in student referrals for outside specialist services compared to increases in referrals ranging from 41% to 74% in communities that did not receive PMTO services (Sigmarsdóttir , Thorlacius, Guðmundsdóttir, & DeGarmo, 2015). A nationwide randomized controlled trial showed medium effect size reductions in behavior problems for PMTO families compared to those receiving services as usual (Sigmarsdóttir, DeGarmo, Forgatch, & Guðmundsdóttir, 2013).

Currently, PMTO services are being delivered to families by two governing organizations: the City of Reykjavík (within the city) and the National Agency for Children and Families (all other areas of Iceland). Reykjavík City has a team of therapists, group leaders, trainers, coaches and fidelity raters. Reykjavík City is the original European SPARE project site and continues to participate in the group delivery adaptation to refugee families. The National Agency for Children and Families is supporting the municipalities of Iceland in their delivery of PMTO with a team of therapists, group leaders, trainers, coaches and fidelity raters.

Michigan

Michigan PMTO

Michigan offers families a range of PMTO services, including individual delivery of PMTO for families in the office, at home, or virtually, Parenting through Change (PTC) groups, Parenting through Change – for Reunification (PTC-R) groups, Parenting through Change – for Return Home (PTC-RH) for families in the office, at home or virtually, TelePMTO – MI (manualized delivery), Informed PMTO (basic skills training for professionals), and Informed PTC (a 2-day skills-focused training).

Netherlands

PMTO.NL

(initiated 2006) PMTO began in the Netherlands in 2006 with 2 cohorts of practitioners from 3 agencies throughout the country trained by ISII; 26 were certified as specialists, and groups were then selected for training as trainers, coaches, and fidelity raters. A core team from the first generation leadership translated and culturally adapted PMTO materials, manuals, and graphics from English to Dutch, collaborating with ISII to ensure understanding of concepts and model fidelity. PMTO in the Netherlands has grown to more than 59 active clinicians and served more than 4,000 families. This full transfer program has created a strong nationwide infrastructure and continues to train its own leaders, trainers, coaches and fidelity raters. Netherlands PMTO participates as one of the European SPARE project sites.

Detroit

The original Michigan therapist training work in PMTO began in May 2004 through a contract between ISII and Easter Seals – Michigan, Inc. In 2007, ISII began PMTO training in Wayne County, the largest population center of Michigan, to supplement the Michigan statewide implementation, providing services to families with SED children. Three cohorts of therapists from several agencies were trained by ISII. As Michigan PMTO continued building its infrastructure, ISII recommended that these therapists (some certified) join the statewide effort already in place. Detroit-Wayne County therapists made a smooth transition to joining the Michigan PMTO network and adding to the statewide capacity to serve children and families.

Denmark

Metodecentret

(initiated 2009) Initial PMTO training in Denmark’s Socialstyrelsen organization was provided by PMTO trainers from the Norwegian Implementation Team in individual delivery and coaching. The ISII team then trained selected certified Danish PMTO therapists to become reliable fidelity raters, to certify in leading PTC groups, and to become PMTO trainers. In 2017, governance of PMTO was transferred to VIA University College, where model fidelity was sustained. VIA University College hosted the PMTO International Conference in 2018 and was part of the multi-site committee that organized the virtual international PMTO Conference in 2020. In 2022, nationwide governance of PMTO was transferred to Metodecentret,[MF1]  which uses innovative strategies to support several evidence-based programs in the country. PMTO continues to flourish in Denmark. VIA University College continues to participate as one of the European SPARE project sites.

Kansas

Kansas PMTO

(Initiated 2010)

In 2010, the Children’s Bureau, a federal agency with the mission of improving child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption, issued a presidential funding initiative. They sought demonstration projects to test evidence-based strategies to improve outcomes for children in foster care who face the most serious barriers to permanency. This call for proposals was met by a group in Kansas comprising professionals from the University of Kansas (KU), the state’s child welfare agency, and four private foster care providers. The Kansas group, called Kansas Intensive Permanency Project (KIPP), won a 5-year grant with their proposal to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which they offered GenerationPMTO to birth parents to strengthen their parenting skills and compared this group to families who received treatment as usual. The Kansas team focused on families of children (ages 3-16) with severe emotional disturbance and living in foster care, as these children tend to languish in foster care for years. In several publications, they have described the process of identifying this high-risk group, their selection of GenerationPMTO as their evidence-based program, their RCT with more than 900 families, and the positive outcomes for the children’s and parents’ well-being. In recent years, the Kansas PMTO Governing Authority has expanded to include 5 agencies, which continue the partnership with child welfare and KU to deliver GenerationPMTO services to families, train and coach new clinicians, and monitor fidelity.

New York

(Initiated 2012) This implementation delivers GenerationPMTO in a parenting group format for birth parents working towards reunification with their children – Parenting through Change for Reunification (PTC-R). In this project, GenerationPMTO was initially linked with another evidence-based parenting practice provided for foster parents, Keeping Foster and Kin Parents Supported and Trained (KEEP), and R3, a casework practice model. These three models are all based on the same foundation of the social interaction learning principles developed at the Oregon Social Learning Center. Initiated in 2012, hundreds of caseworkers and supervisors in five child welfare agencies serving thousands of children and families in the five boroughs of the city – Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and Queens – have been trained in PTC-R. Approximately 9 months after training for this program began, an independent evaluation of outcomes showed a 20% increase in permanent exits from foster care and a 14% decrease in placement moves (Chamberlain, Feldman, Wulczyn, Saldana, & Forgatch, 2016). These agencies, Coalition for Hispanic Family Services, Good Shepherd Services, JCCA, New York Foundling, and St. Dominic’s Family Services, continue to strengthen their programs and provide local coaching and training, as ISII provides ongoing consultation, support, training, and fidelity review for PTC-R

One of the five remarkable agencies, NY Foundling, also has a certified GenerationPMTO practitioner in Individual family delivery. Their certified practitioner completed initial training in Oregon, virtual coaching and passed all 4 sessions required for certification as well as annual recertifications.

British Columbia

CPTK

(Initiated 2014) Based at the Canadian Mental Health Association, British Columbia (CMHA BC), this implementation named Confident Parents: Thriving Kids (CPTK) is delivered via telephone by GenerationPMTO-trained parent coaches throughout the province of British Columbia. CMHA, founded in 1918, is the oldest national mental health charity in Canada, with the BC Division created in 1952. CPTK is designed for parents of children with mild to moderate behavior problems who are referred to the program by their family physician. GenerationPMTO concepts and skills form the basis for a 6-, 10-, or 14-week curriculum, allowing parents to access the most effective program for their needs. Twelve months after implementation of CPTK began, CMHA-BC reported 65% of parents’ concerns resolved, with an additional 79% of families reporting “very good or good improvements” in their child’s behavior. Results were measured by a standardized interview tool administered to parents at intake and at exit from the program. The first GenerationPMTO specialist was certified exactly one year after the start of Workshop 1.

Chile

Programa PMTO

(Initiated 2019) The Fundación San Carlos de Maipo in Santiago, Chile, began its GenerationPMTO implementation with 5 clinicians who were trained in individual family delivery as part of our Community Training program. With strong leadership support at the Fundación San Carlos de Maipo, these skilled and dedicated clinicians moved on to learn and certify in the group delivery system, as well as train their first generation of 20 group leaders. The site served 19 families within the first year of implementation (2019) and 580 in the second year (2020). The program, called Parentalidad que Motiva con Ternura y Optismo (PMTO) in Chile, is accessible to families in Santiago and remote areas of the country due to the team’s remarkable skills in recruiting and delivering the model virtually. In addition to the site’s certified individual GenerationPMTO family therapists and certified Crianza Mediante el Cambio (Parenting through Change) group leaders, Chile’s implementation team also includes trainers, coaches and a fidelity (FIMP) team. Research is being conducted at this site by Área de Estudios y Evaluación (Studies and Evaluation Area).

Oregon

(Initiated 2019) The Oregon Health Authority (OHA) selected GenerationPMTO for a pilot training program with Options Counseling, a local community mental health agency that delivers services to families in several sites statewide. The second year of the implementation included training new practitioners in both Options Counseling and Deschutes County, further increasing the reach to families throughout Oregon. Both cohorts received some or all of their training during the global pandemic via virtual workshops. Practitioners balanced learning the evidence-based model virtually, delivering the model to families virtually, and managing high, pandemic-driven caseloads, while working toward certification. A 3rd cohort of practitioners is being trained in 2022 with Options Counseling, Deschutes County, Oregon Community Programs, and Lutheran Community Services Northwest. The project is also building infrastructure in the state with ISII’s training of new coaches and trainers.

Maryland

(Initiated 2021) This implementation, a Center for Excellence (CfE) in Foster Family Development project, aimed to improve the well-being of children and families in Maryland impacted by the child welfare system. Project goals included reducing lengths of stay in foster care and unnecessary congregate care placements, decreasing the rate of re-entry into foster care, increasing reunification and permanency, and strengthening communication between resource (foster) parents and families of origin. The grant was awarded to the Maryland Department of Human Services (DHS)/Social Services Administration (SSA); their technical assistance team and evaluation partner was the Institute for Innovation & Implementation at the University of Maryland (UMB) School of Social Work. Our Parenting through Change – Reunification (PTC-R) curriculum was delivered virtually to families in English and Spanish. The implementation included  group leaders from UMB and the project’s DHS counties (Baltimore, Carroll, Prince George’s, Frederick, Montgomery). The project completed when grant funding ended in late 2023.

Chicago

ISSI – Children, Youth, and Families

(Initiated 2023 ). Families Together – Preparing for Reunification is a project in Chicago with Lutheran Social Services of Illinois (LSSI). LSSI will families whose children have been removed and for whom the goal is reunification. We modified our individual delivery GenerationPMTO manual to create a hybrid combining our typical PTC-R group delivery and individual delivery approaches. This project has ties with KEEP and Treatment Foster Care of Oregon (TFCO), our sister EBPs at OSLC, as well as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). The project is funded through the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services and evaluated for effectiveness by Chapin Hall.

London

This program that is a collaboration between ISII, the Ending Youth Violence Lab and Barnardo’s (which is the largest children’s charity in the UK and the agency delivering GenPMTO in three London boroughs). This is an adaptation of Parenting through Change, modified to be a 14-week group intervention that applies to parents of children between the ages of 8 and 14. This project, funded by the Youth Endowment Fund, consists of  feasibility study, adaptation for the British context, a pilot RCT and efficacy RCT.

Minnesota

Empowering Generations in Minnesota

Our Minnesota colleagues Drs. Chris Mehus and Jaime Ballard were awarded a 5-year RO1 grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) designed to prevent significant behavioral health problems at a population level by providing widespread access to effective and accessible parenting programs through referrals from primary care physicians (PCPs).
This grant builds on an earlier NIMH R-34 grant, in which they employed a brief GenPMTO-informed preventive intervention, by conducting a cost effectiveness evaluation and two fully powered Randomized Controlled Trials: the eGen parenting program and their innovative intervention called Support and Guide (S&G) program for PCPs. Multiple cohorts of clinicians will be trained over the next few years and infrastructure roles (coaching, training) will be filled. Training includes an in-person 3.5-day workshop followed by 15-20 weekly one-hour virtual sessions. A focus of training, like many GenPMTO implementations, is to integrate the community therapists’ clinical skillset with the eGen curriculum.
Empowered Generations (eGen) is a positive behavior support program for parents of children ages 3-8 with moderate behavior challenges. It is:
• Strengths-based, culturally responsive, and informed by an evidence-based program with powerful outcomes, GenerationPMTO (Parent Management Training – Oregon Model)
• Brief (6 sessions) and available online
• Provided by highly talented, community engaged therapists with extensive training
Referrals are made from primary care physicians, to reach underserved families.

Projects

  • Feasibility
  • Refugee
  • Individual Family Delivery
  • Telehealth
  • Physician Referral
  • Spanish Speaking Population
  • Housing & Shelter

CAPAS-Teen
(initiated 2019)

CAPAS-Teen is a culturally adapted preventive intervention based on the CAPAS and CAPAS-Enhanced programs for low-income immigrant Latino/a families with adolescents. The program, designed by Dr. Ruben Parra-Cardona and colleagues, was tested for its acceptability with parents (Parra-Cardona et al., 2019). Parents reported high satisfaction with GenerationPMTO core components. The importance was emphasized to incorporate within the intervention relevant cultural values and experiences, such as discrimination experiences. Funding: NIDA Grants K01DA036747 to Dr. Parra Cardona and K05DA015799 and T32DA021129 To Dr. James Anthony Parra-Cardona, R., López-Zerón, G., Leija, S. G., Maas, M. K., Villa, M., Zamudio, E., . . . Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2019). A culturally adapted intervention for Mexican-origin parents of adolescents: The need to overtly address culture and discrimination in evidence-based practice. Family Process, 58, 334-352. doi:doi:10.1111/famp.12381

Karen Refugee Mothers in Minnesota – Enhancing Family Connections in Karen Refugees
(initiated 2016)

This was a feasibility study focused on adapting Parenting through Change (PTC) for Karen refugee mothers resettled to Minnesota. The adaptation was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling, in collaboration with Drs. Jaime Ballard, Chris Mehus, and ISII (Ballard, Wieling, & Forgatch, 2017). The intervention expanded on the previous Enhancing Family Connection adaptation for war-affected parents exposed to complex traumatic stress in Uganda (Wieling et al., 2015a; Wieling et al., 2015b) to include tailoring for resettlement and acculturation stressors. Modifications in the curriculum included emphasis on celebrating culturally specific family legacies and attention to cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Funding: Grant-in-Aid, University of Minnesota. Ballard, J., Wieling, E., & Forgatch, M. (2017). Feasibility of implementation of a parenting intervention with resettled Karen refugees from Burma. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(2), 220-234. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12286

Northern Uganda – Jingo Kupe I Dog Gang (Enhancing Family Connection in Northern Uganda) (initiated 2012)

This adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC) was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling in collaboration with European, Ugandan, and American colleagues (Wieling et al., 2015). The intervention was tailored for mothers affected by psychological trauma related to war, organized violence, and disaster. Modifications in the curriculum address cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Wieling, E., Mehus, C., Mollerherm, J., Neuner, F., Laura, A., & Catani, C. (2015). Assessing the feasibility of providing a parenting intervention for war affected families in Northern Uganda. Family and Community Health., 38, 252-267. doi:10.1097/FCH.0000000000000064

CAPAS-Teen (initiated 2019)

CAPAS-Teen is a culturally adapted preventive intervention based on the CAPAS and CAPAS-Enhanced programs for low-income immigrant Latino/a families with adolescents. The program, designed by Dr. Ruben Parra-Cardona and colleagues, was tested for its acceptability with parents (Parra-Cardona et al., 2019). Parents reported high satisfaction with GenerationPMTO core components. The importance was emphasized to incorporate within the intervention relevant cultural values and experiences, such as discrimination experiences. Funding: NIDA Grants K01DA036747 to Dr. Parra Cardona and K05DA015799 and T32DA021129 To Dr. James Anthony Parra-Cardona, R., López-Zerón, G., Leija, S. G., Maas, M. K., Villa, M., Zamudio, E., . . . Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2019). A culturally adapted intervention for Mexican-origin parents of adolescents: The need to overtly address culture and discrimination in evidence-based practice. Family Process, 58, 334-352. doi:doi:10.1111/famp.12381

CAPAS Mexico City (initiated 2009)

TCAPAS-Mx is an adaptation of the CAPAS intervention that grew out of a collaboration among ISII and ISII-trained clinicians in the US and Mexico, a cultural adaptation specialist, and a graphic artist in Mexico City (Baumann, Domenech Rodriguez, Amador Buenabad, Forgatch, & Parra-Cardona, 2014). The intervention was carried out in Mexico City and evaluated in a cluster randomized trial of a combined program for parents and children carried (Amador Buenabad et al., 2019). Caregivers receiving the intervention reported reductions in child externalizing behavior and improvements in parenting skills relative to those in the control condition. Amador Buenabad, N. G., Sánchez Ramos, R., Schwartz, S., Gutiérrez López, M. L., Díaz Juárez, A. D., Ortiz Gallegos, A. B., . . . Villatoro Velázquez, J. A. (2019). Cluster Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent School-Based Program in Mexico to Prevent Behavioral Problems and Develop Social Skills in Children. Child & Youth Care Forum. doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09535-3 Baumann, A. A., Domenech Rodriguez, M. M., Amador Buenabad, N., Forgatch, M. S., & Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2014). Parent Management Training – Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Mexico City: Integrating cultural adaptation activities in an implementation model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21, 32-47. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12059

CAPAS Utah (initiated 2003)

CAPAS, the first adaptation of GenerationPMTO for Spanish-speaking families, was produced by Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a bilingual, bicultural Latina and cultural adaptation specialist. Based on Parenting through Change (PTC), the parent group format of GenerationPMTO, CAPAS provides eight group sessions that cover the core components of the model framed in a culturally relevant manner. The first application of the CAPAS was conducted in a rural community in Utah for Latino/a families (Domenech Rodríguez, Baumann, & Schwartz, 2011). CAPAS has served as the basis for further adaptations for Latino/a families in the US and in Latin America. See separate descriptions for these projects on this page. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Schwartz, A. L. (2011). Cultural adaptation of an evidence based intervention: From theory to practice in a Latino/a community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 170-186. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9371-4

Lansing and Detroit (initiated 2007)

This randomized controlled trial, led by Rubén Parra-Cardona in close collaboration with Melanie Domenech-Rodríguez, Marion Forgatch and Detroit community leaders, provided PTC 12-week parenting groups to low income Latino/a immigrant families with children ages 4-12. This adaptation was enhanced from the original adaptation of PTC (CAPAS) carried out by Domenech-Rodriguez and her colleagues. The expanded intervention, known as “CAPAS-Enhanced”, included sessions addressing parenting as a Latino family, immigration, coping with racism, and becoming a bicultural family. The focus of the intervention was preventive in nature as only families with children exhibiting moderate behavioral problems were recruited in the study. An 87% overall retention rate of participating families was achieved including a retention rate of 85% for fathers, considerably higher than rates reported in other community-based studies with underserved Latinos/as. Central to this work was the training of community leaders as parenting interventionists. This exploratory study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that rigorous evidence-based preventive parenting interventions can be successfully disseminated among low-income Latino populations exposed to multiple stressors. Results also indicate that both parents in these families reported significant improvements in child internalizing behaviors such as sadness and withdrawn behaviors, with fathers reporting the highest improvements in externalizing behaviors such as rule breaking. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2008). Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonía y Superación [PMTO parent group manual]. Logan, UT: Utah State University. Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2019). Healing through parenting: An intervention delivery and process of change model developed with low-income Latina/o immigrant families. Family Process, 58(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12429

Reunification Project in Monterrey, Mexico – GenerationPMTO adaptation for parents seeking reunification with children in the context of child maltreatment (initiated 2008)

This project was initiated by Drs. Elizabeth Wieling, Elizabeth Aquilar and Ruben Parra-Cardona in collaboration with CIFAC (https://cifac.com.mx/) and Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia. The intervention was based on an adaption of PTC and CAPAS for families who had lost a child to the state after allegations of child maltreatment and who were seeking reunification. Agency social workers and psychologists were trained in the model over a period of one year and a pilot project was implemented with a group of mothers. Funding: Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia, Monterrey, Mexico. Parra-Cardona, R., Aguilar, E., Wieling, E., Forgatch, M., Domenech-Rodriquez, M., Morton, A., & Fitzgerald, H. (2014). Closing the gap between two countries: Feasibility of dissemination of an evidence-based parenting intervention in México. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12098

Karen Refugee Mothers in Minnesota – Enhancing Family Connections in Karen Refugees (initiated 2016)

This was a feasibility study focused on adapting Parenting through Change (PTC) for Karen refugee mothers resettled to Minnesota. The adaptation was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling, in collaboration with Drs. Jaime Ballard, Chris Mehus, and ISII (Ballard, Wieling, & Forgatch, 2017). The intervention expanded on the previous Enhancing Family Connection adaptation for war-affected parents exposed to complex traumatic stress in Uganda (Wieling et al., 2015a; Wieling et al., 2015b) to include tailoring for resettlement and acculturation stressors. Modifications in the curriculum included emphasis on celebrating culturally specific family legacies and attention to cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Funding: Grant-in-Aid, University of Minnesota. Ballard, J., Wieling, E., & Forgatch, M. (2017). Feasibility of implementation of a parenting intervention with resettled Karen refugees from Burma. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(2), 220-234. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12286

Northern Uganda – Jingo Kupe I Dog Gang (Enhancing Family Connection in Northern Uganda) (initiated 2012)

This adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC) was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling in collaboration with European, Ugandan, and American colleagues (Wieling et al., 2015). The intervention was tailored for mothers affected by psychological trauma related to war, organized violence, and disaster. Modifications in the curriculum address cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Wieling, E., Mehus, C., Mollerherm, J., Neuner, F., Laura, A., & Catani, C. (2015). Assessing the feasibility of providing a parenting intervention for war affected families in Northern Uganda. Family and Community Health., 38, 252-267. doi:10.1097/FCH.0000000000000064

SPARE (initiated 2019)

SPARE (STRENGTHENING PARENTING AMONG REFUGEES IN EUROPE) is a program aimed at strengthening parenting skills in refugee parents with children in pre- and elementary schools. The goal is to support successful and healthy family adjustment and prevent problems in the process of resettlement. To address the special challenges that refugee families face, SPARE highlights trauma components such as mindfulness and emotional coaching to adapt to possible posttraumatic stress reactions that can influence parenting practices. SPARE is offered to parents in a group format consisting of 12 sessions. Each session lasts for two hours. Parents meet with specialists in the program (trainers) as well as link-workers who help build bridges between the different languages and cultures.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

Padres Preparados (Prepared Parents) (initiated 2015)

This GenerationPMTO-informed multi-media Spanish language intervention supports Latino/a families with children who attend Head Start. Parents learn parenting skills to help improve children’s school readiness. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, Padres Preparados is the result of a collaboration between Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a GenerationPMTO Mentor and an expert in the cultural adaptation of research-based parenting interventions for Latino populations, and IRIS Educational Media, a research firm in Eugene, Oregon.(Domenech Rodríguez et al., 2016, submitted).

Reunification Project in Monterrey, Mexico – GenerationPMTO adaptation for parents seeking reunification with children in the context of child maltreatment (initiated 2008)

This project was initiated by Drs. Elizabeth Wieling, Elizabeth Aquilar and Ruben Parra-Cardona in collaboration with CIFAC (https://cifac.com.mx/) and Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia. The intervention was based on an adaption of PTC and CAPAS for families who had lost a child to the state after allegations of child maltreatment and who were seeking reunification. Agency social workers and psychologists were trained in the model over a period of one year and a pilot project was implemented with a group of mothers. Funding: Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia, Monterrey, Mexico. Parra-Cardona, R., Aguilar, E., Wieling, E., Forgatch, M., Domenech-Rodriquez, M., Morton, A., & Fitzgerald, H. (2014). Closing the gap between two countries: Feasibility of dissemination of an evidence-based parenting intervention in México. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12098

CAPAS Mexico City (initiated 2009)

TCAPAS-Mx is an adaptation of the CAPAS intervention that grew out of a collaboration among ISII and ISII-trained clinicians in the US and Mexico, a cultural adaptation specialist, and a graphic artist in Mexico City (Baumann, Domenech Rodriguez, Amador Buenabad, Forgatch, & Parra-Cardona, 2014). The intervention was carried out in Mexico City and evaluated in a cluster randomized trial of a combined program for parents and children carried (Amador Buenabad et al., 2019). Caregivers receiving the intervention reported reductions in child externalizing behavior and improvements in parenting skills relative to those in the control condition. Amador Buenabad, N. G., Sánchez Ramos, R., Schwartz, S., Gutiérrez López, M. L., Díaz Juárez, A. D., Ortiz Gallegos, A. B., . . . Villatoro Velázquez, J. A. (2019). Cluster Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent School-Based Program in Mexico to Prevent Behavioral Problems and Develop Social Skills in Children. Child & Youth Care Forum. doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09535-3 Baumann, A. A., Domenech Rodriguez, M. M., Amador Buenabad, N., Forgatch, M. S., & Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2014). Parent Management Training – Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Mexico City: Integrating cultural adaptation activities in an implementation model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21, 32-47. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12059

CAPAS Utah (initiated 2003)

CAPAS, the first adaptation of GenerationPMTO for Spanish-speaking families, was produced by Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a bilingual, bicultural Latina and cultural adaptation specialist. Based on Parenting through Change (PTC), the parent group format of GenerationPMTO, CAPAS provides eight group sessions that cover the core components of the model framed in a culturally relevant manner. The first application of the CAPAS was conducted in a rural community in Utah for Latino/a families (Domenech Rodríguez, Baumann, & Schwartz, 2011). CAPAS has served as the basis for further adaptations for Latino/a families in the US and in Latin America. See separate descriptions for these projects on this page. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Schwartz, A. L. (2011). Cultural adaptation of an evidence based intervention: From theory to practice in a Latino/a community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 170-186. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9371-4

Lansing and Detroit (initiated 2007)

This randomized controlled trial, led by Rubén Parra-Cardona in close collaboration with Melanie Domenech-Rodríguez, Marion Forgatch and Detroit community leaders, provided PTC 12-week parenting groups to low income Latino/a immigrant families with children ages 4-12. This adaptation was enhanced from the original adaptation of PTC (CAPAS) carried out by Domenech-Rodriguez and her colleagues. The expanded intervention, known as “CAPAS-Enhanced”, included sessions addressing parenting as a Latino family, immigration, coping with racism, and becoming a bicultural family. The focus of the intervention was preventive in nature as only families with children exhibiting moderate behavioral problems were recruited in the study. An 87% overall retention rate of participating families was achieved including a retention rate of 85% for fathers, considerably higher than rates reported in other community-based studies with underserved Latinos/as. Central to this work was the training of community leaders as parenting interventionists. This exploratory study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that rigorous evidence-based preventive parenting interventions can be successfully disseminated among low-income Latino populations exposed to multiple stressors. Results also indicate that both parents in these families reported significant improvements in child internalizing behaviors such as sadness and withdrawn behaviors, with fathers reporting the highest improvements in externalizing behaviors such as rule breaking. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2008). Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonía y Superación [PMTO parent group manual]. Logan, UT: Utah State University. Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2019). Healing through parenting: An intervention delivery and process of change model developed with low-income Latina/o immigrant families. Family Process, 58(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12429

Harriet Tubman Shelter (initiated 2009)

This pilot project, an adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC), was developed by Dr. Abigail Gewirtz in collaboration with Dr. Gerald August. The 14-week parent group was tailored for mothers temporarily housed in shelters due to homelessness or domestic violence in Minneapolis, Mn. Groups retained 90% of the mothers over the 14 weeks despite the fact that the number of mothers living at the shelter dropped from 80% to 30%. Mothers participating in the project expressed a high level of satisfaction. Gewirtz, A. H., & Taylor, T. (2009). Participation of homeless and abused women in a parent training program: science and practice converge in a battered women’s shelter. In M. F. Hindsworth & T. B. Lang (Eds.), Community participation and empowerment (pp. 97-114). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Early Risers-Healthy Families Network (initiated 2013)

This program involved a partnership between the University of Minnesota and the Family Housing Fund and its partners in the Twin Cities Metro area. The pilot project provided PTC groups to families in family supportive housing sites as part of an empirically supported family-based prevention program. Outcomes from the randomized controlled trial showed significant decreases in children’s depression and externalizing behavior as well as maternal reports of increased confidence and improved parenting. Gewirtz, A. H., DeGarmo, D. S., Lee, S., Morrell, N., & August, G. (2015). Two-year outcomes of the Early Risers prevention trial with formerly homeless families residing in supportive housing. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 242-252. doi:10.1037/fam0000066 Gewirtz, A. H., DeGarmo, D. S., Plowman, E. J., August, G., & Realmuto, G. (2009). Parenting, parental mental health, and child functioning in families residing in supportive housing. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(3), 336-347. doi:10.1037/a0016732

CAPAS-Teen
(initiated 2019)

CAPAS-Teen is a culturally adapted preventive intervention based on the CAPAS and CAPAS-Enhanced programs for low-income immigrant Latino/a families with adolescents. The program, designed by Dr. Ruben Parra-Cardona and colleagues, was tested for its acceptability with parents (Parra-Cardona et al., 2019). Parents reported high satisfaction with GenerationPMTO core components. The importance was emphasized to incorporate within the intervention relevant cultural values and experiences, such as discrimination experiences. Funding: NIDA Grants K01DA036747 to Dr. Parra Cardona and K05DA015799 and T32DA021129 To Dr. James Anthony Parra-Cardona, R., López-Zerón, G., Leija, S. G., Maas, M. K., Villa, M., Zamudio, E., . . . Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2019). A culturally adapted intervention for Mexican-origin parents of adolescents: The need to overtly address culture and discrimination in evidence-based practice. Family Process, 58, 334-352. doi:doi:10.1111/famp.12381

Karen Refugee Mothers in Minnesota – Enhancing Family Connections in Karen Refugees
(initiated 2016)

This was a feasibility study focused on adapting Parenting through Change (PTC) for Karen refugee mothers resettled to Minnesota. The adaptation was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling, in collaboration with Drs. Jaime Ballard, Chris Mehus, and ISII (Ballard, Wieling, & Forgatch, 2017). The intervention expanded on the previous Enhancing Family Connection adaptation for war-affected parents exposed to complex traumatic stress in Uganda (Wieling et al., 2015a; Wieling et al., 2015b) to include tailoring for resettlement and acculturation stressors. Modifications in the curriculum included emphasis on celebrating culturally specific family legacies and attention to cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Funding: Grant-in-Aid, University of Minnesota. Ballard, J., Wieling, E., & Forgatch, M. (2017). Feasibility of implementation of a parenting intervention with resettled Karen refugees from Burma. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(2), 220-234. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12286

Northern Uganda – Jingo Kupe I Dog Gang (Enhancing Family Connection in Northern Uganda) (initiated 2012)

This adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC) was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling in collaboration with European, Ugandan, and American colleagues (Wieling et al., 2015). The intervention was tailored for mothers affected by psychological trauma related to war, organized violence, and disaster. Modifications in the curriculum address cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Wieling, E., Mehus, C., Mollerherm, J., Neuner, F., Laura, A., & Catani, C. (2015). Assessing the feasibility of providing a parenting intervention for war affected families in Northern Uganda. Family and Community Health., 38, 252-267. doi:10.1097/FCH.0000000000000064

CAPAS-Teen (initiated 2019)

CAPAS-Teen is a culturally adapted preventive intervention based on the CAPAS and CAPAS-Enhanced programs for low-income immigrant Latino/a families with adolescents. The program, designed by Dr. Ruben Parra-Cardona and colleagues, was tested for its acceptability with parents (Parra-Cardona et al., 2019). Parents reported high satisfaction with GenerationPMTO core components. The importance was emphasized to incorporate within the intervention relevant cultural values and experiences, such as discrimination experiences. Funding: NIDA Grants K01DA036747 to Dr. Parra Cardona and K05DA015799 and T32DA021129 To Dr. James Anthony Parra-Cardona, R., López-Zerón, G., Leija, S. G., Maas, M. K., Villa, M., Zamudio, E., . . . Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2019). A culturally adapted intervention for Mexican-origin parents of adolescents: The need to overtly address culture and discrimination in evidence-based practice. Family Process, 58, 334-352. doi:doi:10.1111/famp.12381

CAPAS Mexico City (initiated 2009)

TCAPAS-Mx is an adaptation of the CAPAS intervention that grew out of a collaboration among ISII and ISII-trained clinicians in the US and Mexico, a cultural adaptation specialist, and a graphic artist in Mexico City (Baumann, Domenech Rodriguez, Amador Buenabad, Forgatch, & Parra-Cardona, 2014). The intervention was carried out in Mexico City and evaluated in a cluster randomized trial of a combined program for parents and children carried (Amador Buenabad et al., 2019). Caregivers receiving the intervention reported reductions in child externalizing behavior and improvements in parenting skills relative to those in the control condition. Amador Buenabad, N. G., Sánchez Ramos, R., Schwartz, S., Gutiérrez López, M. L., Díaz Juárez, A. D., Ortiz Gallegos, A. B., . . . Villatoro Velázquez, J. A. (2019). Cluster Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent School-Based Program in Mexico to Prevent Behavioral Problems and Develop Social Skills in Children. Child & Youth Care Forum. doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09535-3 Baumann, A. A., Domenech Rodriguez, M. M., Amador Buenabad, N., Forgatch, M. S., & Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2014). Parent Management Training – Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Mexico City: Integrating cultural adaptation activities in an implementation model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21, 32-47. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12059

CAPAS Utah (initiated 2003)

CAPAS, the first adaptation of GenerationPMTO for Spanish-speaking families, was produced by Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a bilingual, bicultural Latina and cultural adaptation specialist. Based on Parenting through Change (PTC), the parent group format of GenerationPMTO, CAPAS provides eight group sessions that cover the core components of the model framed in a culturally relevant manner. The first application of the CAPAS was conducted in a rural community in Utah for Latino/a families (Domenech Rodríguez, Baumann, & Schwartz, 2011). CAPAS has served as the basis for further adaptations for Latino/a families in the US and in Latin America. See separate descriptions for these projects on this page. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Schwartz, A. L. (2011). Cultural adaptation of an evidence based intervention: From theory to practice in a Latino/a community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 170-186. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9371-4

Lansing and Detroit (initiated 2007)

This randomized controlled trial, led by Rubén Parra-Cardona in close collaboration with Melanie Domenech-Rodríguez, Marion Forgatch and Detroit community leaders, provided PTC 12-week parenting groups to low income Latino/a immigrant families with children ages 4-12. This adaptation was enhanced from the original adaptation of PTC (CAPAS) carried out by Domenech-Rodriguez and her colleagues. The expanded intervention, known as “CAPAS-Enhanced”, included sessions addressing parenting as a Latino family, immigration, coping with racism, and becoming a bicultural family. The focus of the intervention was preventive in nature as only families with children exhibiting moderate behavioral problems were recruited in the study. An 87% overall retention rate of participating families was achieved including a retention rate of 85% for fathers, considerably higher than rates reported in other community-based studies with underserved Latinos/as. Central to this work was the training of community leaders as parenting interventionists. This exploratory study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that rigorous evidence-based preventive parenting interventions can be successfully disseminated among low-income Latino populations exposed to multiple stressors. Results also indicate that both parents in these families reported significant improvements in child internalizing behaviors such as sadness and withdrawn behaviors, with fathers reporting the highest improvements in externalizing behaviors such as rule breaking. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2008). Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonía y Superación [PMTO parent group manual]. Logan, UT: Utah State University. Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2019). Healing through parenting: An intervention delivery and process of change model developed with low-income Latina/o immigrant families. Family Process, 58(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12429

Reunification Project in Monterrey, Mexico – GenerationPMTO adaptation for parents seeking reunification with children in the context of child maltreatment (initiated 2008)

This project was initiated by Drs. Elizabeth Wieling, Elizabeth Aquilar and Ruben Parra-Cardona in collaboration with CIFAC (https://cifac.com.mx/) and Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia. The intervention was based on an adaption of PTC and CAPAS for families who had lost a child to the state after allegations of child maltreatment and who were seeking reunification. Agency social workers and psychologists were trained in the model over a period of one year and a pilot project was implemented with a group of mothers. Funding: Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia, Monterrey, Mexico. Parra-Cardona, R., Aguilar, E., Wieling, E., Forgatch, M., Domenech-Rodriquez, M., Morton, A., & Fitzgerald, H. (2014). Closing the gap between two countries: Feasibility of dissemination of an evidence-based parenting intervention in México. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12098

Karen Refugee Mothers in Minnesota – Enhancing Family Connections in Karen Refugees (initiated 2016)

This was a feasibility study focused on adapting Parenting through Change (PTC) for Karen refugee mothers resettled to Minnesota. The adaptation was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling, in collaboration with Drs. Jaime Ballard, Chris Mehus, and ISII (Ballard, Wieling, & Forgatch, 2017). The intervention expanded on the previous Enhancing Family Connection adaptation for war-affected parents exposed to complex traumatic stress in Uganda (Wieling et al., 2015a; Wieling et al., 2015b) to include tailoring for resettlement and acculturation stressors. Modifications in the curriculum included emphasis on celebrating culturally specific family legacies and attention to cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Funding: Grant-in-Aid, University of Minnesota. Ballard, J., Wieling, E., & Forgatch, M. (2017). Feasibility of implementation of a parenting intervention with resettled Karen refugees from Burma. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(2), 220-234. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12286

Northern Uganda – Jingo Kupe I Dog Gang (Enhancing Family Connection in Northern Uganda) (initiated 2012)

This adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC) was developed by Dr. Elizabeth Wieling in collaboration with European, Ugandan, and American colleagues (Wieling et al., 2015). The intervention was tailored for mothers affected by psychological trauma related to war, organized violence, and disaster. Modifications in the curriculum address cross-cultural variations in family/community parenting values and practices. Parenting materials were made accessible for non-literate populations by creating pictorial depictions of GenerationPMTO parenting concepts and tools. Wieling, E., Mehus, C., Mollerherm, J., Neuner, F., Laura, A., & Catani, C. (2015). Assessing the feasibility of providing a parenting intervention for war affected families in Northern Uganda. Family and Community Health., 38, 252-267. doi:10.1097/FCH.0000000000000064

SPARE (initiated 2019)

SPARE (STRENGTHENING PARENTING AMONG REFUGEES IN EUROPE) is a program aimed at strengthening parenting skills in refugee parents with children in pre- and elementary schools. The goal is to support successful and healthy family adjustment and prevent problems in the process of resettlement. To address the special challenges that refugee families face, SPARE highlights trauma components such as mindfulness and emotional coaching to adapt to possible posttraumatic stress reactions that can influence parenting practices. SPARE is offered to parents in a group format consisting of 12 sessions. Each session lasts for two hours. Parents meet with specialists in the program (trainers) as well as link-workers who help build bridges between the different languages and cultures.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

eGen (initiated 2021)

Led by Dr. Chris Mehus and based in Minnesota, this project is a pilot test of a brief eHealth parent-focused intervention that will engage families with young children 3-5 years old via primary care referrals for delivery of GenerationPMTO-informed services. A cohort of 16 therapists were trained with the goal of engaging 60 families for the study. ISII provided the abbreviated training (3.5 days in person followed by 20 weeks of 2-hour virtual meetings) in a 6-session brief model of Empowering Generations: Teaching Kids through Encouragement (eGen). The project director is Dr. Jaime Ballard.

Padres Preparados (Prepared Parents) (initiated 2015)

This GenerationPMTO-informed multi-media Spanish language intervention supports Latino/a families with children who attend Head Start. Parents learn parenting skills to help improve children’s school readiness. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, Padres Preparados is the result of a collaboration between Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a GenerationPMTO Mentor and an expert in the cultural adaptation of research-based parenting interventions for Latino populations, and IRIS Educational Media, a research firm in Eugene, Oregon.(Domenech Rodríguez et al., 2016, submitted).

Reunification Project in Monterrey, Mexico – GenerationPMTO adaptation for parents seeking reunification with children in the context of child maltreatment (initiated 2008)

This project was initiated by Drs. Elizabeth Wieling, Elizabeth Aquilar and Ruben Parra-Cardona in collaboration with CIFAC (https://cifac.com.mx/) and Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia. The intervention was based on an adaption of PTC and CAPAS for families who had lost a child to the state after allegations of child maltreatment and who were seeking reunification. Agency social workers and psychologists were trained in the model over a period of one year and a pilot project was implemented with a group of mothers. Funding: Dif Sistema Nacional Para El Desarrollo Integral de la Familia, Monterrey, Mexico. Parra-Cardona, R., Aguilar, E., Wieling, E., Forgatch, M., Domenech-Rodriquez, M., Morton, A., & Fitzgerald, H. (2014). Closing the gap between two countries: Feasibility of dissemination of an evidence-based parenting intervention in México. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. doi: 10.1111/jmft.12098

CAPAS Mexico City (initiated 2009)

TCAPAS-Mx is an adaptation of the CAPAS intervention that grew out of a collaboration among ISII and ISII-trained clinicians in the US and Mexico, a cultural adaptation specialist, and a graphic artist in Mexico City (Baumann, Domenech Rodriguez, Amador Buenabad, Forgatch, & Parra-Cardona, 2014). The intervention was carried out in Mexico City and evaluated in a cluster randomized trial of a combined program for parents and children carried (Amador Buenabad et al., 2019). Caregivers receiving the intervention reported reductions in child externalizing behavior and improvements in parenting skills relative to those in the control condition. Amador Buenabad, N. G., Sánchez Ramos, R., Schwartz, S., Gutiérrez López, M. L., Díaz Juárez, A. D., Ortiz Gallegos, A. B., . . . Villatoro Velázquez, J. A. (2019). Cluster Randomized Trial of a Multicomponent School-Based Program in Mexico to Prevent Behavioral Problems and Develop Social Skills in Children. Child & Youth Care Forum. doi:10.1007/s10566-019-09535-3 Baumann, A. A., Domenech Rodriguez, M. M., Amador Buenabad, N., Forgatch, M. S., & Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2014). Parent Management Training – Oregon Model (PMTOTM) in Mexico City: Integrating cultural adaptation activities in an implementation model. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 21, 32-47. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12059

CAPAS Utah (initiated 2003)

CAPAS, the first adaptation of GenerationPMTO for Spanish-speaking families, was produced by Dr. Melanie Domenech Rodríguez, a bilingual, bicultural Latina and cultural adaptation specialist. Based on Parenting through Change (PTC), the parent group format of GenerationPMTO, CAPAS provides eight group sessions that cover the core components of the model framed in a culturally relevant manner. The first application of the CAPAS was conducted in a rural community in Utah for Latino/a families (Domenech Rodríguez, Baumann, & Schwartz, 2011). CAPAS has served as the basis for further adaptations for Latino/a families in the US and in Latin America. See separate descriptions for these projects on this page. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M., Baumann, A. A., & Schwartz, A. L. (2011). Cultural adaptation of an evidence based intervention: From theory to practice in a Latino/a community context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47, 170-186. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9371-4

Lansing and Detroit (initiated 2007)

This randomized controlled trial, led by Rubén Parra-Cardona in close collaboration with Melanie Domenech-Rodríguez, Marion Forgatch and Detroit community leaders, provided PTC 12-week parenting groups to low income Latino/a immigrant families with children ages 4-12. This adaptation was enhanced from the original adaptation of PTC (CAPAS) carried out by Domenech-Rodriguez and her colleagues. The expanded intervention, known as “CAPAS-Enhanced”, included sessions addressing parenting as a Latino family, immigration, coping with racism, and becoming a bicultural family. The focus of the intervention was preventive in nature as only families with children exhibiting moderate behavioral problems were recruited in the study. An 87% overall retention rate of participating families was achieved including a retention rate of 85% for fathers, considerably higher than rates reported in other community-based studies with underserved Latinos/as. Central to this work was the training of community leaders as parenting interventionists. This exploratory study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, showed that rigorous evidence-based preventive parenting interventions can be successfully disseminated among low-income Latino populations exposed to multiple stressors. Results also indicate that both parents in these families reported significant improvements in child internalizing behaviors such as sadness and withdrawn behaviors, with fathers reporting the highest improvements in externalizing behaviors such as rule breaking. Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2008). Criando con Amor: Promoviendo Armonía y Superación [PMTO parent group manual]. Logan, UT: Utah State University. Parra-Cardona, J. R. (2019). Healing through parenting: An intervention delivery and process of change model developed with low-income Latina/o immigrant families. Family Process, 58(1), 34–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12429

Harriet Tubman Shelter (initiated 2009)

This pilot project, an adaptation of Parenting through Change (PTC), was developed by Dr. Abigail Gewirtz in collaboration with Dr. Gerald August. The 14-week parent group was tailored for mothers temporarily housed in shelters due to homelessness or domestic violence in Minneapolis, Mn. Groups retained 90% of the mothers over the 14 weeks despite the fact that the number of mothers living at the shelter dropped from 80% to 30%. Mothers participating in the project expressed a high level of satisfaction. Gewirtz, A. H., & Taylor, T. (2009). Participation of homeless and abused women in a parent training program: science and practice converge in a battered women’s shelter. In M. F. Hindsworth & T. B. Lang (Eds.), Community participation and empowerment (pp. 97-114). Hauppage, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Early Risers-Healthy Families Network (initiated 2013)

This program involved a partnership between the University of Minnesota and the Family Housing Fund and its partners in the Twin Cities Metro area. The pilot project provided PTC groups to families in family supportive housing sites as part of an empirically supported family-based prevention program. Outcomes from the randomized controlled trial showed significant decreases in children’s depression and externalizing behavior as well as maternal reports of increased confidence and improved parenting. Gewirtz, A. H., DeGarmo, D. S., Lee, S., Morrell, N., & August, G. (2015). Two-year outcomes of the Early Risers prevention trial with formerly homeless families residing in supportive housing. Journal of Family Psychology, 29, 242-252. doi:10.1037/fam0000066 Gewirtz, A. H., DeGarmo, D. S., Plowman, E. J., August, G., & Realmuto, G. (2009). Parenting, parental mental health, and child functioning in families residing in supportive housing. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(3), 336-347. doi:10.1037/a0016732